TY  - CONF
TI  - Product Versus Performance Specification for Wheelchair Ramp Construction
AU  - Blampied, Nigel
AU  - Tommelein, Iris D.
AD  - PhD candidate, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., and Researcher, Project Production Systems Laboratory, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, +1 (510) 479-7070, blampied@berkeley.edu
AD  - Professor, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, +1 (510) 643-8678, tommelein@berkeley.edu
PY  - 2016
DA  - 2016/07/20
T2  - 24th Annual Conference of the  International Group for Lean Construction
C3  - 24th Annual Conference of the  International Group for Lean Construction
CY  - Boston, Massachusetts, USA
SN  - 2309-0979 (ISSN)
AB  - Wheelchair ramps at street intersections are a simple product of construction. In California, the standards for these ramps are established by the State Architect and are common to all agencies that own public streets and build pedestrian facilities in the state. There are 541 such street-owning agencies. When 541 agencies produce a simple product to the same requirements, one might expect to find little difference in the cost of the product or the time taken to produce it. This proved not to be the case. A significant pattern of difference was found between the cost and time to produce ramps by the State Department of Transportation (DOT) as opposed to the cost and time to produce ramps by local cities. The differences appear to be rooted in historic practices which, in turn, are rooted in the procurement laws that govern to two types of agency. Those laws date back to 1875 and 1883 respectively, and they have led to the DOT adopting a more product-based form of specification while cities use specifications that emphasize performance. This difference in specifications drives the cost and schedule differences. The paper illustrates the use of benchmarking between agencies and the “path dependent” influence of historic practices.
KW  - Theory
KW  - flow
KW  - set based design (SBD)
KW  - product design
KW  - performance based design
KW  - transportation
KW  - wheelchair ramps
L1  - https://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1328/pdf
UR  - https://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1328
DB  - IGLC.net
LA  - English
N1  - Export date: 04 October 2026
ER  -