@inproceedings{Smith2013_949,
  author = {Smith, James P. and Rybkowski, Zofia K.},
  editor = {Formoso, Carlos Torres and Tzortzopoulos, Patricia},
  title = {The Maroon-White Game a Simulation of Trust and Long-Term Gains and Losses},
  booktitle = {21th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {987--996},
  address = {Fortaleza, Brazil},
  issn = {2309-0979},
  url = {https://www.iglc.net/papers/details/949},
  abstract = {This paper explains how to play and facilitate the Maroon-White Game—a modified version of the Red-Black Game—which, like its predecessor, uses point maximization to motivate team performance. The Red-Black Game was designed to demonstrate to players the advantages of systems thinking, as opposed to suboptimization, during a live playing of the game. Although effective in illustrating the greater mathematic gains incurred from systems thinking to a community-at-large, the simulation might be criticized in that obtaining a larger group gain appears to require individual diminishment—a practice that may not be as easily embraced in capitalistic societies or in societies that cherish individualism over collectivism. The Maroon-White Game is based on rules from the Red-Black Game, and is designed to help participants recognize two main concepts relating to suboptimization: (1) our natural tendency, generally speaking, to sub-optimize in a competitive group setting; and (2) the effects of sub-optimization on relational sustainability and long-term gains and losses. Examining results from multiple playings of the Maroon-White Game illustrates the impact of trust—both earned and broken—on total point-based gains and losses returned not only to the community-atlarge, but also to individuals, over time.},
  keywords = {Trust, collaboration, commitment, integrated form of agreement, game theory, problem-based learning, simulation.},
}